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Canada: History, Identity, Culture, Grade 12, University Preparation
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Course Description

This course traces the history of Canada, with a focus on the evolution of our national identity and culture as well as the identity and culture of various groups that make up Canada. Students will explore various developments and events, both national and international, from precontact to the present, and will examine various communities in Canada and how they have contributed to identity and heritage in Canada. Students will investigate the development of culture and identity, including national identity, in Canada and how and why they have changed throughout the country’s history. They will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, as they investigate the people, events, and forces that have shaped Canada.

#1 Early European Settlement

What were some of the conditions in Europe that led so many people to make that dangerous migration across the treacherous Atlantic Ocean during the 17th and 18th centuries? In this first unit students will tackle this question head-on focusing on the first European contact with Canada's Indigenous peoples, the diverse impacts of contact on Indigenous peoples, and exploring the socio-cultural differences and similarities of AngloFrench colonial settlement. 

#2  Colonial Canada 

The economic and political context 18th and 19th centuries set the stage for conflict will be explained. Students explore factors that led to the American Revolution by examining the perspectives of the various parties involved. The war of 1812 was another test to British supremacy in North America as the newly independent United States of America sought to invade Canada. Students explore this conflict in relation to its impact on Canadian identity before turning attention to the Rebellions of 1937 and their implications for Canadian governance.

#3  Building the New Dominion

 This period in Canada’s history is one of nation building, characterized by unprecedented economic growth. Students will learn about the settlement of Canada’s western frontier and the discovery of gold in Canada’s north. These economic changes also spurred social growth, as Canada’s population swelled thanks to a new wave of immigrants from Europe. 

#4  Two World Wars and Depression 

The two world wars are considered ‘catalysts of national development’. In this unit students will come to appreciate the exceptional role Canada played in the wars of the century and how these contributions contributed to growing Canadian identity. Students will reflect on the courage, valour, and sacrifices that were made by Canadians in their passionate defense of Canadian values. The Great Depression is examined and recognized as yet another tumultuous period in Canadian history. In addition, students will learn about the progressive social change that Canada experienced between the Two World Wars. The interwar years was a time of unprecedented social change, especially the expansion of human rights. 

#5 Postwar Canada 

In this unit, students will explore the social, political, and economic changes to Canadian society in the postwar period (1945-1982). Canada made the biggest advances in protecting 15 hours its citizens from economic hardship and human rights violations in the decades following World War Two. Despite these social advances, students will learn about how the world was plunged back into conflict during the Cold War and Canada's role in international affairs as a middle power and peacekeeper. The theme of activism was significant during the 1960s across Canada and students will explore a variety of social movements including human rights, feminism, multiculturalism, and environmentalism.

#6 Modern Canada

In this unit, students critically examine various influential Canadian political figures from the 1980s up until present day as they examine important international and domestic affairs that shaped the political climate in Canada. Students analyze how economic, political, and cultural globalization has influenced Canada's relationship with the United States and other countries. Human rights issues are of particular focus, while students explore the indigenous fight for sovereignty, self-government, and truth and reconciliation. In the modern period, Canada has made considerable effort to correct past injustices through commemorations and reparations.

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